CITES Convención sobre el Comercio Internacional de Especies Amenazadas de Fauna y Flora Silvestres

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace.unia.es/handle/10334/3897

Browse

Browsing CITES Convención sobre el Comercio Internacional de Especies Amenazadas de Fauna y Flora Silvestres by Subject "Buitres"

Filter results by typing the first few letters
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Open AccessTrabajo académico
    Contribution à la mise en place d’un dispositif national de lutte contre la criminalité faunique au Niger : cas des vautours du Niger
    (Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, 2023) Saley Baouna, Arfou; Saley Baouna, Arfou
    Trabajo Fin de Máster Propio. Tutor: Dr. Abdoul-Aziz Seyni. Le succès de la lutte contre la criminalité liée aux espèces sauvages à l’échelle nationale et même sous-régionale dépendra de la capacité de chaque acteur concerné à faire appliquer efficacement la loi. Cette étude qui a pour objectif de déterminer des mécanismes efficaces de lutte contre la criminalité liée aux espèces sauvages pour une meilleure conservation des vautours au Niger a permis de conduire des enquêtes auprès des acteurs cibles dans le but de recueillir leur niveau de perception sur la question. Il s’agit des communautés locales riveraines des aires de distribution des vautours de la zone expérimentale (bouchers, tradipraticiens), des agents chargés du contrôle (Eaux et Forêts, Police Nationale, Douane Nationale) et des cadres de la justice (Procureur, juge). La méthode d’échantillonnage boule neige a permis d’enquêter au total 111 personnes. Des visites de sites abritant des espèces de vautours ont été également conduites pour faire des observations sur les vautours et leur habitat. L’étude a ressortie l’identification de deux espèces de vautour observé directement dans leur habitat naturel (dans leur nid, en vol ou sur un point d’eau). Il s’agit des espèces : Gyps rueppelli et Neophron percnopterus. En revanche, 78% des personnes enquêtées sur la question affirme qu’il a y quelques années les vautours communs sont observées aux alentours des agglomération et des abattoirs mais deviennent rare de nos jours. Les espèces sauvages dont les vautours sont menacés par le braconnage, l’exploitation illégale, le commerce illégal voir de trafic transnational, selon l’étude. Cependant, il existe au Niger plusieurs textes réglementaires permettant la lutte contre ces pratiques illégales relatives aux espèces sauvages dont, 95% des cadres des Eaux et Forêts atteste connaitre ces textes. En revanche, 44% des cadres de la Police Nationale enquêtés affirme ne pas connaitre l’existence de ces textes réglementaires. Un taux de 75% des acteurs enquêtés (toutes incorporation confondues) n’ont jamais bénéficié d’une capacitation sur la lutte contre la criminalité liée aux espèces sauvages. L’étude a également montré plusieurs cas d’infraction lié aux espèces sauvages dont les contrevenants ont été sanctionné par la saisie, la confiscation des produits la garde à vue et le payement d’une amende. Aussi, selon les enquêtes auprès des agents chargés du contrôle, les spécimens des espèces sauvages commercialisés contrôlés proviennent du Nigeria, du Cameroun, du Tchad et de la Centrafrique (21% des enquêtés), 25% affirme que ces produits proviennent de l’intérieur du Niger. 33% des répondants affirment ne pas connaitre la provenance ni la destination en fin 22% atteste que ces produits prennent la direction de la Lybie, l’Algérie et le Nigeria.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Open AccessTrabajo académico
    Understanding demand and supply dynamics for international trade in endangered vultures in Kano and Jigawa States, Nigeria
    (Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, 2023) Mukhtar, Umar Idris; Mukhtar, Umar Idris
    Trabajo Fin de Máster Propio. Tutor: Yoila David Malann. As man estimates the exponential growth in his fellow human species populations, in contrast he calculates the speed of wildlife species disappearance and extinction. Wildlife (including plants and their derivatives) are exploited to meet demands in illegal markets that are both domestic and international. There are well documented literatures on conservation, ecology, habitat distribution, population, and trade of vultures in Nigeria. however, most of the previous literatures on vulture trade in Nigeria overlooked the extent to which demand for international trade in vulture specimen matches supply and efficacy of the trade control at both domestic and international level. This work reviewed the available published literature in the scientific journals, technical reports including thesis and dissertations on African-Eurasian vulture species which affirmed the ambiguous nature of the west African vulture catastrophic decline because of factors that included trade in the species specimen to satisfy several traditional and belief-based systems at both domestic and international level. The primary data of this work was gathered using semi structured interviews and structured (questionnaire or predetermined questions) organized based on the research objectives, the Excel, Special Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and R Project for Statistical Computing (R-PSC) software were used to arrange and analyse the data respectively. Information collected from 50 selected local community stake holders indicated that hunters, wildlife traders and traditional herbalist constituted 50% of the category of people in demand for vulture specimen The findings shows that trade in vulture trade specimen is very high with 68% of the respondents directly or indirectly engaged in supply and or prescribing vulture specimen, it was also discovered that about 80% of the interviewee refused to categorically disclose the actual cost of vulture specimen, only few 20% disclosed the range of the cost of the whole live vulture falling between 200,000 and 500,000 naira. The traditional hunters reported that apart from the body parts specimens, anything associated with vultures including nest and freshly laid eggs are being used either alone or as important ingredients in traditional medicine. The result further indicated that 34% of the respondents expressed the fact that the cost of vulture specimen is dynamic, the prices per specimen varies ranging from two hundred thousand naira to as high as three million naira depending on the intensity of the demand and the availably of specimen in need, 60% were on believe that meeting the demand in vulture specimen is not easy. The result also found out that vultures have disappeared in the study area, about 40.6 % of the specimen are however either sourced elsewhere in the countries geopolitical zones like north central and southern Nigeria while 21.8 % from cross borders like Benin, Niger and Burkina Faso. Traders and hunters accounted for 23.4%, the demand and supply are not species specific and the respondents were on the believe that vulture and wildlife trade is not sustainable. The result generally revealed mismatch in the supply and demand for transaction in vulture specimen across the research area. Further data collected from 45 heterogeneous relevant enforcement agencies also revealed a strong effect (SW= 0.880, AIC = 724) of the enforcement organizations on the level of knowledge of stakeholders’ ability to control trade in vultures which indicated that relevant agencies for wildlife enforcement and Airport/border control law enforcement organizations needs to be prioritizing the training of their personnel to improve their understanding of the importance of vultures as well as overall wildlife conservation and trade regulations, the findings showed that irrespective of locations or organizations, the importance of Nigerian domesticated CITES regulations (ESA) for wildlife conservation received strong perceptive support from the associated law enforcement agencies in Kano and Jigawa States, Nigeria (SW= 0.895, AIC = 494.4). However, the conservation priorities and trade control of vultures showed a non-significant pattern with locations in Kano State, which may indicate the peculiarity of vulture trade and conservation across Northern Nigeria. Though the management and intervention level of vulture conservations revealed a strong effect (SW= 0.880, AIC = 724) of organizations on the intervention levels for vultures’ conservation, suggesting that border control law enforcement organizations might be prioritizing different protection levels for vultures’ conservation status other than the one contained (Schedule I) in the Nigerian domesticated CITES regulations (ESA).